Các cấu trúc viết lại câu phổ biến trong Tiếng Anh và bài tập

1. Cấu trúc viết lại câu trong Tiếng Anh là gì?

Viết lại câu trong Tiếng Anh là quá trình thay đổi cấu trúc và từ ngữ của một câu đã cho để tạo ra một câu mới có cùng ý nghĩa nhưng có cách diễn đạt khác. Mục đích chính của việc viết lại câu là để phát triển kỹ năng diễn đạt và sự linh hoạt trong việc sử dụng ngôn ngữ.

Cấu trúc viết lại câu bằng Tiếng Anh bao gồm nhiều quy tắc và phương pháp khác nhau. Có thể thực hiện việc viết lại câu bằng cách thay đổi thứ tự từ, thay đổi thì, thay đổi cấu trúc ngữ pháp, sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa và biến đổi câu thành dạng phủ định hoặc nghi vấn.

Việc nắm vững và luyện tập các cấu trúc viết lại câu bằng Tiếng Anh sẽ giúp người học vận dụng một loạt các cấu trúc khác nhau, từ cơ bản đến phức tạp, và hiểu rõ khi nào và trong tình huống nào nên áp dụng các cấu trúc viết lại câu phù hợp nhằm tăng cường sự rõ ràng và sự chính xác trong việc truyền đạt ý nghĩa.

2.  Các cấu trúc viết lại câu phổ biến trong Tiếng Anh: 

Cấu trúc 1: Viết lại câu với khi nào (When) và bao lâu (How long)

When did + S + V?

= How long + have/haѕ + S + V3/-ed?

Cấu trúc 2: Viết lại câu với it was not until … that (mãi cho tới khi)

S + didn’t + V (bare) + 0 + until S + V

= It was not until + S + V + that + S + V

Cấu trúc 3: Viết lại câu với “It’s time/ It’s high time/ It’s about time “(Đã đến lúc làm việc gì)

S + should/ ought to/ had better + V (bare)

= It’s (high time) + S + V2/-ed

Cấu trúc 4: Viết lại câu “rather than và prefer”

S + would rather + V nguyên mẫu + than + V nguyên mẫu

= S + prefer + Ving + to + Ving

Cấu trúc 5: Cấu trúc viết lại câu chỉ nguyên nhân (bởi vì)

Since, As, Because + S + V, S + V

= Because of, Due to, Owing to + Noun/ V-ing, S + V

Cấu trúc 6: Cấu trúc viết lại câu chỉ sự tương phản (mặc dù)

Although/Though/Even though + S + V, S + V

= Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ V-ing, S + V

Cấu trúc 7: Cấu trúc viết lại câu “Dành/Tốn … thời gian để làm gì”

S + spend + khoảng thời gian + Ving

= It takes + (sb) + khoảng thời gian + to V

Cấu trúc 8: Cấu trúc viết lại câu với “so … that” và “such … that” (quá … đến nỗi)

S + be + so + adj + that + S + V

= It + be + such + Noun + that + S + V

Cấu trúc  9: Cấu trúc viết lại câu với “so … that”, “such … that” và “too…to” (quá … đến mức không thể)

S + be + so + adj + that + S + V

= It + be + such + Noun + that + S + V

= S + be + too + adj + (for sb) + to V

Cấu trúc 10: Viết lại câu từ “too…to” sang “enough…to” (đủ … để làm điều gì)

S + be + too + adj + (for sb) + to V

= S + be + not + adj * + enough + to V

Lưu ý: Tính từ trong cấu trúc “too…to” sẽ mang ý nghĩa trái ngược lại so với tính từ trong cấu trúc “enough…to”.

Cấu trúc 11:Viết lại câu với cấu trúc câu điều kiện If

Unless = If… not (nếu… không…)

Cấu trúc 12: Viết lại câu từ thì hiện tại hoàn thành phủ định sang thì quá khứ đơn (lần cuối cùng làm việc gì là khi nào: The last time)

– S + have/has (not) + V3/-ed + since + mốc thời gian

= S + last + V2/-ed + when + S + V

= The last time + S + V + was + when S + V

– S + have/has (not) + V3/-ed + for + khoảng thời gian

= It has been + time + ѕince + S + (laѕt) + V-ed

= S + laѕt + V-ed + time + ago

= The laѕt time + S + V-ed + ᴡaѕ + time + ago

Cấu trúc 13: Viết lại câu với thì hiện tại hoàn thành (Chưa bao giờ làm việc gì/ Lần đầu tiên làm việc gì: this is the first time)

This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/-ed

= S + have/has + never (not) + V3/-ed + before

Cấu trúc 14: Viết lại câu từ thì quá khứ đơn (ago) sang thì hiện tại hoàn thành (for/ since) (bắt đầu làm việc gì là khi nào)

S + ѕtarted/began + doing ѕth + time + ago

= S + have/has (not) + V3/-ed + for + khoảng thời gian/ since + mốc thời gian

3. Các bài tập vận dụng có đáp án: 

Bài tập 1. Rewrite the following sentences by changing the indicated component.

1. The man was furious. (adjective)

____________________________________________

2. The council would not collect the rubbish. (verb)

____________________________________________

3. We watched a film on birds. (preposition)

____________________________________________

4. The bus was late because of the bad traffic. (clause order)

____________________________________________

5. The gate was opened by a guard. (active tense)

____________________________________________

6. When she got home, the door was unlocked (time clause position)

____________________________________________

7. She cooked a pie, some potatoes and green vegetables. (reorder list)

____________________________________________

8. The game was cancelled because it rained. (replace the dependent clause with a noun phrase)

____________________________________________

9 I can’t go to work on time because it rains so heavily

____________________________________________

10. I often played kite flying when I was a child

____________________________________________

11. We discuss about environmental change issues

____________________________________________

12. It appears that it is raining

____________________________________________

13 She has interest in practicing aerobics in her free time

____________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. The man was angry.

2. The council refused to collect the rubbish.

3. We watched a film about birds.

4. Because of the bad traffic, the bus was late.

5. A guard opened the gate.

6. The door was unlocked when she got home.

7. She cooked green vegetables, a pie and some potatoes.

8. The game was cancelled because of the rain.

9. I can’t go to work on time because of heavy rain.

10. I am used to playing kite flying when I was a child.

11. We have a discussion about environmental change issues.

12.  It is likely that it is raining.

13. She is interested in practicing aerobics in her free time.

Bài tập 2. Viết lại những câu dưới đây sao cho nghĩa không đổi:

1. My mother used to play volleyball when she was young.

=> My mother doesn’t……

2. “Let’s go fishing”.

=> She suggests……

3. Mike gave me a dress on my birthday.

=> I was……

4. “Would you like orange juice?”

=> He…..

5. I last saw Jenny when I was in Ha Noi City.

=> I haven’t seen……

6. I got lost because I didn’t have a map.

=> If I had….

7. It is a four-hour drive from Nam Dinh to Ha Noi.

=> It takes……

8. I think the owner of the car is abroad.

=> The owner…

9. It’s a pity him didn’t tell me about this.

=> I wish……

10. You couldn’t go swimming because of the rain heavily.

=> The rain was too……

Đáp án:

1. My mother doesn’t play volleyball anymore.

2. She suggests going fishing.

3. I was given a dress on my birthday.

4. He invited me for orange juice.

5. I haven’t seen Jenny since I was in Ha Noi City.

6. If I had had a map, I wouldn’t have gotten lost.

7. It takes four hours to drive from Nam Dinh to Ha Noi.

8. The owner of the car is thought to be abroad.

9. I wish he had told me about it.

10. The rain was too heavy for you to go swimming.

Bài tập 3. Bài tập viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa

a/ I can’t go to work on time because it rains so heavily => ……

b/ I often played kite flying when I was a child => ……

c/ We discuss about environmental change issues => ………

d/ It appears that it is raining => ……

e/ She has interest in practicing aerobics in her free time => ……

f/ Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room => ……

g/ She always speaks no care => ……

h/ She have learned English for 5 years => ……

i/ He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything => ……

j/ Because she is absent from school => ……

k/ It was an interesting film => ……

l/ I don’t think she loves me => ……

Đáp án:

a/ I can’t go to work on time because of heavy rain.

b/ I am used to playing kite flying when I was a child.

c/ We have a discussion about environmental change issues.

d/ It is likely that it is raining.

e/ She is interested in practicing aerobics in her free time.

f/ Police have him identify the other man in the next room.

g/ She is always careless about her words.

h/ It takes her 5 year to learn English.

i/ He does not speak softly.

j/ Because of her absence from school.

k/ What an interesting film!

l/ At no time do I think she loves me.

Bài tập 4. viết lại câu tiếng Anh nâng cao

1. In his recent article, Bob Lee pointed out all the faults in the government’s new transport policy.

In his recent artilce, Bob Lee was……

2. The company have been reviewing their recruitment policy for the last three months.

The company’s ……

3. I’m absolutely sure he took the money on purpose.

He couldn’t possibly……

4. He delayed writing his book until he had done a lot of research.

Only after……

5. They declaired war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights.

The excuse……

6. I feel that I don’t fit with the people in the new office.

I feel like……

7. Skysrapers in the USA are on average taller than anywhere else in the world.

The average ……

8. We were very impressed by the new cinema but found it rather expensive.

Impressed……

9. It’s more than a fortnight snice anyone saw Julian.

Julian……

10. The deadline for the receipt of complete application forms is 3.00p.m on Friday, 18th December.

Complete application ……

Đáp án:

1. In his recent article, Bob Lee was critical of the government’s new transport policy.

2. The company’s recruitment policy has been under review for the last three months.

3. He couldn’t possibly have taken the money by mistake.

4. Only after he had done a lot of research did he begin to write the book.

5. The excuse for the declairation of war was the defence of their territorial rights.

6. I feel like a fish out of water in the new office.

7. The average skyscraper in the USA is taller// higher// bagger than anywhere else in the world.

Or : The average height// size of skyscraper in the USA is greater than anywhere else in the world.

8. Impressed as we were by the new cinema, we found it rather expensive.

9. Julian was last seen ( more than) a fortnight // two weeks ago.

10. Complete application forms must be handed in// returned// redeived// submitted by// no later then 3.00 p.m on Friday, 18th December.